cronology+of+the+Infections

 SCHEDULE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

1346: The Black Death begins to expand in Europe (bubonic plague).

1492: Christopher Columbus initiated the contacts between Europeans and Americans with diseases that are transmitted from Europeans to Americans and vice versa (The conquest of America and infections).

1530: Girolamo Fracastoro, begins to assert the first theories of infectious disease contamination.

1627: The bark of Cinchona (quinine) is brought to Europe to treat Malaria (The plants and the history of mankind. Pharmacopoeia natural).

1683: Anton van Leeuwenhoek used his microscope to see small animals from dental plaque. Later they will be known as bacteria.

1796: Edward Jener developed the smallpox vaccine using pus from cowpox (Vaccines and adjuvants).

1848: Ignaz Semmel-Weis introduced aseptic methods.

1854: John Snow acknowledged the relationship between the spread of cholera and drinking water.

1860: Louis Pasteur concluded that infectious diseases are caused by living organisms called "germs." As a result, Joseph Lister developed antisepsis using carbolic acid to disinfect wounds.

1876: Robert Koch validates the theory that infectious diseases are caused by germs, thus beginning the science of bacteriology. Describe the bacteria causing TB and Anthrax.

1880: Louis Pasteur developed the method of attenuation of virulence, so that germs could be immunized, but not infect. In 1881 developed a vaccine against Anthrax and in 1885, a vaccine against rabies.

1880: Charles Laveran finds malarial parasites within red blood cells of infected people, and shows that the parasite replicates inside the host (Malaria: Failure, mystery and challenge).

1890: Emil von Behring and Kitasato discover Shibasaburo diphtheria antitoxin serum, which is achieved by the first approach to the therapy of infectious diseases.

1891: Paul Ehrlich proposes that antibodies are responsible for immunity.

1892: Dmitri Ivanovski starts with the development of virology, when he discovers tiny pathogens (later known as viruses), investigating the causes of the disease virus snuff.

Year 1900: Building on the work of Walter Reed, a committee of researchers shows that yellow fever is caused by mosquito virus. They start early efforts to eradicate it.

1905: Erich Fritz Hoffman Schudinn and discover the Treponema pallidum, guilty of syphilis.

1911: Francis Rous described the viral etiology of cancer (Rous sarcoma virus).

Year 1918: The Spanish flu epidemic caused at least 25 million deaths.

1928: Frederick Griffith discovered the phenomenon of genetic transformation in pneumococci, thereby establishing the foundations of molecular genetics.

1929: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in mushroom cultivation.

1935: Gerhard Domagk synthesizes the antimetabolite Prontosil, able to kill the streptococcus in mice.

1937: Ernst Ruska observed for the first time a virus in the electron microscope.

Año1941: Wasksman Selman suggests the word "antibiotic" for compounds and preparations that have antimicrobial activity. Some years later, he and his colleagues discovered in a fungus, streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.

1944: Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty identified DNA as the genetic material active in the transformation of streptococci.

1946: Edward Tatum and Joshua Lederberg discovered sexual conjugation in bacteria.

1953: James Watson and Francis Crick revealed the double helix structure of DNA.

1960: Arthur Korberg shows the synthesis of DNA in extracts of bacteria.

1960: Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod shows his work in genetic control of enzymes and virus synthesis.

1970: Howard Temin and David Baltimore independently discovered that certain RNA viruses (retroviruses) use the enzyme reverse transcriptase "to reconstitute its DNA and initiate its replication cycle (bacteriophages, enemies of bacteria).

1979: Announced the eradication of smallpox, noting that the world is free of this pest.

Year 1981: For the first time AIDS is identified as a new infectious disease.

1982: Stanley Prusiner finds evidence of an infectious protein, which he called a "prion" that is causing disease in sheep scratching.

Year 1983: Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo announced the discovery of the AIDS virus guilty.

1984: Barry Marshall found to Helicobacter pylori in gastric ulcers ..

1985: Robert Gallo, Dani Bolognesi, Sam Broder and colleagues show that the drug AZT inhibits the development of the AIDS virus.

Year 1988: Kary Mullis discovers the polymerase chain reaction, for use in the replication of small DNA molecules.

1995: J. Craig Venter, Hamilton Smith, Claire Fraser and colleagues, the first complete genome sequence of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae.